In Search of Consensus on WTO Consensus Decision-Making

The paper by Peter Van den Bossche critiques how the WTO’s consensus-based decision-making—intended to ensure all members “have a say”—has often been misused. Members, notably India and the U.S., have blocked key substantive and procedural items, from fisheries agreements to dispute settlement processes, paralyzing WTO operations. While calls for “responsible consensus” aim to preserve inclusivity, most members warn against any dilution that weakens small or developing countries. The author urges reform: clarify responsible use, limit abuse, and revitalize negotiations to ensure the WTO remains relevant .